DRG Category: 202

Mean LOS: 4.3 days

Description MEDICAL: Bronchitis and Asthma with CC or Major CC

classification section:



Bronchitis, a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is an inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi. Each year, over 12 million cases of acute bronchitis occur in the United States. It is a common condition worldwide, and among countries that track health-related data, it is one of the top five reasons for physician visits. Bronchitis is a disease of the larger airways, unlike emphysema, which is a disease of the smaller airways. Inflammation of the airway mucosa leads to edema and the enlargement of the submucosal glands. Damage occurs to cilia and the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. In addition, leukocytes and lymphocytes infiltrate the walls of the bronchi and lead to inflammation and airway narrowing. Hypersecretion of the submucosal glands leads to obstruction of the airways from excessive mucus. The most prominent symptom is sputum production.

Acute bronchitis has a short, severe course that subsides without long-term effects. Chronic bronchitis leads to excessive production of mucus sufficient to cause a cough for at least 3 months during the year for 2 consecutive years. Chronic bronchitis, which can often be reversed after the removal of the irritant, is complicated by respiratory tract infections and can lead to right-sided heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and acute respiratory failure.