Davis's Lab & Diagnostic Tests
Protein, Urine, Total and Fractions
To view the entire topic, please log in or purchase a subscription.
Nursing Central is an award-winning, complete mobile solution for nurses and students. Look up information on diseases, tests, and procedures; then consult the database with 5,000+ drugs or refer to 65,000+ dictionary terms. Explore these free sample topics:
-- The first section of this topic is shown below --
Synonym/Acronym:
N/A
Rationale
To assess for the presence of protein in the urine toward diagnosing disorders affecting the kidneys and urinary tract, such as cancer, infection, and pre-eclampsia.
Patient Preparation
There are no food, fluid, activity, or medication restrictions unless by medical direction. Usually, a 24-hr time frame for urine collection is ordered. As appropriate, provide the required urine collection container and specimen collection instructions.
Normal Findings
Method: Spectrophotometry for total protein, electrophoresis for protein fractions.
The ranges are very general averages and were not calculated on the basis of normal average body weights. Literature shows that the expected urinary output can be estimated by formula where the expected output is as follows:
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Newborns | 15–60 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Infants | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3–10 days | 100–300 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11–59 days | 250–450 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2–12 mo | 400–500 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Children and adolescents | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 13 mo–4 yr | 500–700 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5–7 yr | 650–1,000 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8–14 yr | 800–1,400 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adults and older adults | 800–2,500 mL (average 1,200 mL) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Normally, more urine is produced during the day than at night. With advancing age, the reverse will often occur. The total expected outcome for adults appears to remain the same regardless of age. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conventional Units | SI Units (Conventional Units × 0.001) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total protein | 30–150 mg/24 hr | 0.03–0.15 g/24 hr | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Second and third trimesters of pregnancy | 45–185 mg/24 hr | 0.045–0.185 g/24 hr | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The 24-hr urine volume is recorded and provided with the results of the protein measurement. Electrophoresis for fractionation is qualitative: No monoclonal gammopathy detected. (Urine protein electrophoresis should be ordered along with serum protein electrophoresis.) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Critical Findings and Potential Interventions
N/A
-- To view the remaining sections of this topic, please log in or purchase a subscription --
Synonym/Acronym:
N/A
Rationale
To assess for the presence of protein in the urine toward diagnosing disorders affecting the kidneys and urinary tract, such as cancer, infection, and pre-eclampsia.
Patient Preparation
There are no food, fluid, activity, or medication restrictions unless by medical direction. Usually, a 24-hr time frame for urine collection is ordered. As appropriate, provide the required urine collection container and specimen collection instructions.
Normal Findings
Method: Spectrophotometry for total protein, electrophoresis for protein fractions.
The ranges are very general averages and were not calculated on the basis of normal average body weights. Literature shows that the expected urinary output can be estimated by formula where the expected output is as follows:
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Newborns | 15–60 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Infants | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3–10 days | 100–300 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11–59 days | 250–450 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2–12 mo | 400–500 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Children and adolescents | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 13 mo–4 yr | 500–700 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5–7 yr | 650–1,000 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8–14 yr | 800–1,400 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adults and older adults | 800–2,500 mL (average 1,200 mL) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Normally, more urine is produced during the day than at night. With advancing age, the reverse will often occur. The total expected outcome for adults appears to remain the same regardless of age. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conventional Units | SI Units (Conventional Units × 0.001) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total protein | 30–150 mg/24 hr | 0.03–0.15 g/24 hr | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Second and third trimesters of pregnancy | 45–185 mg/24 hr | 0.045–0.185 g/24 hr | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The 24-hr urine volume is recorded and provided with the results of the protein measurement. Electrophoresis for fractionation is qualitative: No monoclonal gammopathy detected. (Urine protein electrophoresis should be ordered along with serum protein electrophoresis.) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Critical Findings and Potential Interventions
N/A
There's more to see -- the rest of this entry is available only to subscribers.
