Protein, Urine, Total and Fractions

Protein, Urine, Total and Fractions is a topic covered in the Davis's Lab & Diagnostic Tests.

To view the entire topic, please or .

Nursing Central is an award-winning, complete mobile solution for nurses and students. Look up information on diseases, tests, and procedures; then consult the database with 5,000+ drugs or refer to 65,000+ dictionary terms. Explore these free sample topics:

-- The first section of this topic is shown below --

Synonym/Acronym:
N/A

Rationale
To assess for the presence of protein in the urine toward diagnosing disorders affecting the kidneys and urinary tract, such as cancer, infection, and pre-eclampsia.

Patient Preparation
There are no food, fluid, activity, or medication restrictions unless by medical direction. Usually, a 24-hr time frame for urine collection is ordered. As appropriate, provide the required urine collection container and specimen collection instructions.

Normal Findings
Method: Spectrophotometry for total protein, electrophoresis for protein fractions.


Normal 24-Hour Urine Volume
The ranges are very general averages and were not calculated on the basis of normal average body weights. Literature shows that the expected urinary output can be estimated by formula where the expected output is as follows:
  • Infants: 1–2 mL/kg/hr
  • Children and adolescents: 0.5–1 mL/kg/hr
  • Adults: 1 mL/kg/hr
Newborns15–60 mL
Infants
 3–10 days100–300 mL
 11–59 days250–450 mL
 2–12 mo400–500 mL
Children and adolescents
13 mo–4 yr500–700 mL
5–7 yr650–1,000 mL
8–14 yr800–1,400 mL
Adults and older adults800–2,500 mL (average 1,200 mL)
Normally, more urine is produced during the day than at night. With advancing age, the reverse will often occur. The total expected outcome for adults appears to remain the same regardless of age.
24-Hr Total Urine ProteinConventional UnitsSI Units (Conventional Units × 0.001)
Normal excretion30–150 mg/24 hr0.03–0.15 g/24 hr
ProteinuriaGreater than 300 mg/24 hrGreater than 0.3 g/24 hr
The 24-hr urine volume is recorded and provided with the results of the protein measurement. Electrophoresis for fractionation is qualitative: No monoclonal gammopathy detected. (Urine protein electrophoresis should be ordered along with serum protein electrophoresis.)
Spot or Random Urine Protein/Creatinine Ratio—useful in situations where 24–hr urine collection is not feasible (e.g., urgent such as with pre-eclampsia, patients unable to reliably cooperate such as pediatric patients, etc.)
AgeMaleFemale
7–9 yr61–220 mg/g70–548 mg/g
10–12 yr59–220 mg/g57–334 mg/g
13–15 yr41–371 mg/g33–307 mg/g
16–17 yr31–242 mg/g36–329 mg/g
Greater than 17 yr15–68 mg/g10–107 mg/g

Critical Findings and Potential Interventions
N/A

-- To view the remaining sections of this topic, please or --

Synonym/Acronym:
N/A

Rationale
To assess for the presence of protein in the urine toward diagnosing disorders affecting the kidneys and urinary tract, such as cancer, infection, and pre-eclampsia.

Patient Preparation
There are no food, fluid, activity, or medication restrictions unless by medical direction. Usually, a 24-hr time frame for urine collection is ordered. As appropriate, provide the required urine collection container and specimen collection instructions.

Normal Findings
Method: Spectrophotometry for total protein, electrophoresis for protein fractions.


Normal 24-Hour Urine Volume
The ranges are very general averages and were not calculated on the basis of normal average body weights. Literature shows that the expected urinary output can be estimated by formula where the expected output is as follows:
  • Infants: 1–2 mL/kg/hr
  • Children and adolescents: 0.5–1 mL/kg/hr
  • Adults: 1 mL/kg/hr
Newborns15–60 mL
Infants
 3–10 days100–300 mL
 11–59 days250–450 mL
 2–12 mo400–500 mL
Children and adolescents
13 mo–4 yr500–700 mL
5–7 yr650–1,000 mL
8–14 yr800–1,400 mL
Adults and older adults800–2,500 mL (average 1,200 mL)
Normally, more urine is produced during the day than at night. With advancing age, the reverse will often occur. The total expected outcome for adults appears to remain the same regardless of age.
24-Hr Total Urine ProteinConventional UnitsSI Units (Conventional Units × 0.001)
Normal excretion30–150 mg/24 hr0.03–0.15 g/24 hr
ProteinuriaGreater than 300 mg/24 hrGreater than 0.3 g/24 hr
The 24-hr urine volume is recorded and provided with the results of the protein measurement. Electrophoresis for fractionation is qualitative: No monoclonal gammopathy detected. (Urine protein electrophoresis should be ordered along with serum protein electrophoresis.)
Spot or Random Urine Protein/Creatinine Ratio—useful in situations where 24–hr urine collection is not feasible (e.g., urgent such as with pre-eclampsia, patients unable to reliably cooperate such as pediatric patients, etc.)
AgeMaleFemale
7–9 yr61–220 mg/g70–548 mg/g
10–12 yr59–220 mg/g57–334 mg/g
13–15 yr41–371 mg/g33–307 mg/g
16–17 yr31–242 mg/g36–329 mg/g
Greater than 17 yr15–68 mg/g10–107 mg/g

Critical Findings and Potential Interventions
N/A

There's more to see -- the rest of this entry is available only to subscribers.