Davis's Lab & Diagnostic Tests
Protein, Urine, Total and Fractions
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Synonym/Acronym:
N/A
Rationale
To assess for the presence of protein in the urine toward diagnosing disorders affecting the kidneys and urinary tract, such as cancer, infection, and pre-eclampsia.
Patient Preparation
There are no food, fluid, activity, or medication restrictions unless by medical direction. Usually, a 24-hr time frame for urine collection is ordered. As appropriate, provide the required urine collection container and specimen collection instructions.
Normal Findings
Method: Spectrophotometry for total protein, electrophoresis for protein fractions.
The ranges are very general averages and were not calculated on the basis of normal average body weights. Literature shows that the expected urinary output can be estimated by formula where the expected output is as follows:
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Newborns | 15–60 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Infants | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3–10 days | 100–300 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11–59 days | 250–450 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2–12 mo | 400–500 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Children and adolescents | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 13 mo–4 yr | 500–700 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5–7 yr | 650–1,000 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8–14 yr | 800–1,400 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adults and older adults | 800–2,500 mL (average 1,200 mL) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Normally, more urine is produced during the day than at night. With advancing age, the reverse will often occur. The total expected outcome for adults appears to remain the same regardless of age. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 24-Hr Total Urine Protein | Conventional Units | SI Units (Conventional Units × 0.001) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal excretion | 30–150 mg/24 hr | 0.03–0.15 g/24 hr | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Proteinuria | Greater than 300 mg/24 hr | Greater than 0.3 g/24 hr | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The 24-hr urine volume is recorded and provided with the results of the protein measurement. Electrophoresis for fractionation is qualitative: No monoclonal gammopathy detected. (Urine protein electrophoresis should be ordered along with serum protein electrophoresis.) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spot or Random Urine Protein/Creatinine Ratio—useful in situations where 24–hr urine collection is not feasible (e.g., urgent such as with pre-eclampsia, patients unable to reliably cooperate such as pediatric patients, etc.) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Age | Male | Female |
| 7–9 yr | 61–220 mg/g | 70–548 mg/g |
| 10–12 yr | 59–220 mg/g | 57–334 mg/g |
| 13–15 yr | 41–371 mg/g | 33–307 mg/g |
| 16–17 yr | 31–242 mg/g | 36–329 mg/g |
| Greater than 17 yr | 15–68 mg/g | 10–107 mg/g |
Critical Findings and Potential Interventions
N/A
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Synonym/Acronym:
N/A
Rationale
To assess for the presence of protein in the urine toward diagnosing disorders affecting the kidneys and urinary tract, such as cancer, infection, and pre-eclampsia.
Patient Preparation
There are no food, fluid, activity, or medication restrictions unless by medical direction. Usually, a 24-hr time frame for urine collection is ordered. As appropriate, provide the required urine collection container and specimen collection instructions.
Normal Findings
Method: Spectrophotometry for total protein, electrophoresis for protein fractions.
The ranges are very general averages and were not calculated on the basis of normal average body weights. Literature shows that the expected urinary output can be estimated by formula where the expected output is as follows:
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Newborns | 15–60 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Infants | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3–10 days | 100–300 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 11–59 days | 250–450 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2–12 mo | 400–500 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Children and adolescents | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 13 mo–4 yr | 500–700 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 5–7 yr | 650–1,000 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 8–14 yr | 800–1,400 mL | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Adults and older adults | 800–2,500 mL (average 1,200 mL) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Normally, more urine is produced during the day than at night. With advancing age, the reverse will often occur. The total expected outcome for adults appears to remain the same regardless of age. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 24-Hr Total Urine Protein | Conventional Units | SI Units (Conventional Units × 0.001) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal excretion | 30–150 mg/24 hr | 0.03–0.15 g/24 hr | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Proteinuria | Greater than 300 mg/24 hr | Greater than 0.3 g/24 hr | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| The 24-hr urine volume is recorded and provided with the results of the protein measurement. Electrophoresis for fractionation is qualitative: No monoclonal gammopathy detected. (Urine protein electrophoresis should be ordered along with serum protein electrophoresis.) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spot or Random Urine Protein/Creatinine Ratio—useful in situations where 24–hr urine collection is not feasible (e.g., urgent such as with pre-eclampsia, patients unable to reliably cooperate such as pediatric patients, etc.) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Age | Male | Female |
| 7–9 yr | 61–220 mg/g | 70–548 mg/g |
| 10–12 yr | 59–220 mg/g | 57–334 mg/g |
| 13–15 yr | 41–371 mg/g | 33–307 mg/g |
| 16–17 yr | 31–242 mg/g | 36–329 mg/g |
| Greater than 17 yr | 15–68 mg/g | 10–107 mg/g |
Critical Findings and Potential Interventions
N/A
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