General

Synonym/Acronym:
Anticardiolipin Antibody (ACA); Anti-beta–2 glycoprotein 1 (Beta-2 GP1), apolipoprotein H; Lupus Anticoagulant (LA, lupus antiphospholipid antibodies, lupus inhibitor phospholipid type).

Rationale
To detect the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, which can lead to the development of blood vessel problems (thrombosis), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and complications including stroke, heart attack, and miscarriage.

Patient Preparation
There are no food, fluid, activity, or medication restrictions unless by medical direction for ACA and Beta-2 GP1.

There are no food, fluid, or activity restrictions unless by medical direction for LA. Heparinor Warfarin (Coumadin) therapy should be noted on the test request or discontinued before LA specimen collection, with medical direction.

Normal Findings
Method: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for ACA and Beta-2 GP1: Negative (Less than 40 GPL); Dilute Russell viper venom test time for LA: Negative.

Note: It has been documented that clot based detection methods (such as Dilute Russell viper venom) for LA testing produce unreliable results when performed on specimens of patients being treated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) such as apixaban, betrixaban, dabigatran, edoxaban, etexilate, rivaroxaban.

ELISA methods for ACA and Beta-2 GP1 are unaffected by DOACs.

Critical Findings and Potential Interventions
N/A